{"id":1400,"date":"2023-05-02T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/?p=1400"},"modified":"2023-04-26T09:26:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-26T09:26:52","slug":"neuro-robotics-neural-networks-are-connect-humans-and-robots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/neuro-robotics-neural-networks-are-connect-humans-and-robots\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuro-Robotics: Neural Networks are Connect Humans and Robots"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Neuro-robotics refers to the application of neuroscience knowledge and techniques to the design and development of intelligent <strong>robots <\/strong>that can <strong>mimic <\/strong>or replicate the functions and capabilities of the <strong>human brain <\/strong>and nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This field of research uses this knowledge to design neuro-robots that can perform similar <strong>tasks autonomously<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Applications of neuroscience to robots are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Computational models of the brain<\/strong>: Creating mathematical models and algorithms that <strong>simulate <\/strong>brain functions and processes, such as <strong>learning<\/strong>, perception and motor control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NeuroRobotics<\/strong>: Design and construction of robots that use components inspired by the nervous system, such as <strong>artificial neural networks<\/strong>, to perform complex tasks and adapt to their environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brain-computer interfaces (BCI)<\/strong>: Development of devices and technologies that enable direct <strong>communication <\/strong>between the human <strong>brain and robotic <\/strong>or artificial intelligence <strong>systems<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rehabilitation and robotic prostheses<\/strong>: Development of robotic devices that <strong>help <\/strong>patients with motor or <strong>sensory <\/strong>disabilities recover lost functions or replace damaged limbs with advanced robotic <strong>prostheses<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biologically inspired systems<\/strong>: Design of robots and artificial intelligence systems based on biological principles and mechanisms, such as <strong>synaptic plasticity <\/strong>or hierarchical organisation of brain areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Brain-Robot-Communication.jpg\" alt=\"Brain Robot Communication\" class=\"wp-image-1419\" width=\"689\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Brain-Robot-Communication.jpg 689w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Brain-Robot-Communication-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 689px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cognitive Robotics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of <strong>Cognitive Computing<\/strong> that aims to create algorithms that mimic the <strong>reasoning <\/strong>process of the human brain, not to be confused with artificial intelligence is based on algorithms to solve a problem or identify patterns in large <strong>datasets<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Applying this technology to automata results in <strong>Cognitive Robotics<\/strong>, which aims to understand human cognitive patterns in order to reproduce them in robots. It searches for new architectures and methodologies to improve the &#8216;<strong>perception-comprehension-action<\/strong>&#8216; cycle of artificial autonomous systems, as well as to make <strong>interactions <\/strong>between humans and machines simpler and more <strong>natural<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cognitive robotics differs from traditional robot design in that cognitive robots are able to make <strong>proactive <\/strong>decisions and autonomously reconfigure their activity depending on the <strong>situation<\/strong>, whereas <strong>traditional <\/strong>robots are typically programmed with <strong>specific instructions<\/strong> telling them what to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Human interaction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Human interaction is a crucial aspect of the study of human-robot interaction (HRI). <strong>HRI <\/strong>is the study of the understanding, design and <strong>evaluation <\/strong>of robotic systems for use by or in combination with humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uncanny valley<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/uncanny-valley.jpg\" alt=\"Uncanny valley\" class=\"wp-image-1423\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/uncanny-valley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/uncanny-valley-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 900px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, when we <strong>interact <\/strong>with a robot that seems &#8216;too human&#8217; or see an image that is <strong>&#8216;too realistic<\/strong>&#8216;, we experience the phenomenon of the uncanny valley. A <strong>disturbing <\/strong>feeling arises, a sense of revulsion and disgust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding human cognitive processes can be used to develop robots that can <strong>interact <\/strong>with <strong>humans <\/strong>in a more natural and <strong>intuitive <\/strong>way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BCI Brain-Computer Interface<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most famous example of a BCI is <strong>Neuralink <\/strong>an implantable device, created by Elon Musk&#8217;s company of the same name, that can read the electrical signals of the neurons in our brains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuralink envisages that the chips could be used in the treatment of various <strong>medical conditions<\/strong> such as Parkinson&#8217;s disease, paralysis and other neurological disorders, to improve <strong>independence <\/strong>in daily life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many other companies engaged in the development of brain-computer interfaces, <strong>Synchron<\/strong>, for example, has already installed its version of a neural chip inside some people&#8217;s brains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a small study in Australia, this type of implant allowed four <strong>patients <\/strong>with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to do online operations <strong>independently<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NextMind <\/strong>has developed a non-invasive EEG headset that detects neural activity in the visual cortex and translates it into real-time digital commands that can be used to interact with <strong>virtual reality<\/strong> environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NextMind-BCI.jpg\" alt=\"NextMind BCI\" class=\"wp-image-1406\" width=\"671\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NextMind-BCI.jpg 671w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NextMind-BCI-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 671px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Robotic Rehabilitation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advanced <strong>neurotechnologies <\/strong>combining robotic engineering with neuroscience <strong>help <\/strong>people <strong>recover<\/strong> from brain injuries, accidents or diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These technologies exploit the brain&#8217;s ability to adapt and reorganise itself (brain <strong>plasticity<\/strong>) to help patients regain <strong>motor <\/strong>functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the most commonly used robotic <strong>rehabilitation <\/strong>technologies include the use of <strong>exoskeletons<\/strong>, robots for arm and hand rehabilitation, and transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/exoskeleton-robot.jpg\" alt=\"exoskeleton robot\" class=\"wp-image-1441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/exoskeleton-robot.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/exoskeleton-robot-980x403.jpg 980w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/exoskeleton-robot-480x197.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These robots help patients, in a customised way, to strengthen weak muscles, improve <strong>balance <\/strong>and co-ordination, and recreate <strong>movements <\/strong>of damaged body parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only sending data to the robotic limb to control it, but also <strong>receiving <\/strong>data such as real-world feedback with a <strong>bionic skin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"672\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/6RzSjhrwYXs\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital brain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Another approach to Neuro-robotics is to build a <strong>silicon brain<\/strong> to simulate complex brain <strong>modelling<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contemporary artificial intelligence systems still lack high-level <strong>cognitive <\/strong>and learning <strong>capabilities<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Silicon-Brain.png\" alt=\"Silicon Brain\" class=\"wp-image-1449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Silicon-Brain.png 600w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Silicon-Brain-480x342.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 600px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>With the help of digital <a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/features\/building-a-silicon-brain-65738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">neuromorphic chips<\/a>, scientists now aim to precisely model how <strong>humans <\/strong>can quickly and <strong>easily learn<\/strong> a cognitive task, such as a new board game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In digital neuromorphic chips, silicon &#8216;<strong>neurons<\/strong>&#8216; replicate the way information <strong>flows <\/strong>in biological neurons, but with different <strong>physics<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this way, it is now possible to better <strong>emulate <\/strong>learning and to model <strong>chemical <\/strong>processes, such as the effects of <strong>dopamine <\/strong>on learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A person brain social network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>BrainNet enables <strong>collaborative <\/strong>problem solving using direct <strong>brain-to-brain <\/strong>communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The interface combines <strong>electroencephalography <\/strong>(EEG) to record the electrical activity of the brain and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to <strong>deliver information <\/strong>to the brain non-invasively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/brain-to-brain-interface.jpg\" alt=\"brain-to-brain-interface\" class=\"wp-image-1448\" width=\"822\" height=\"293\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrea Stocco and her colleagues at the University of Washington have created the world&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2018\/09\/29\/139965\/the-first-social-network-of-brains-lets-three-people-transmit-thoughts-to-each-others-heads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first brain-brain network<\/a> by connecting three <strong>people <\/strong>to <strong>play <\/strong>a Tetris-like game collaboratively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team says that information travels through a bespoke network set up between three rooms in the lab, but there is no reason why the network cannot be <strong>extended <\/strong>to the <strong>Internet<\/strong>, allowing participants from <strong>around the world <\/strong>to collaborate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brain Organoids<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A brain organoid is basically a <strong>small brain<\/strong>, derived from <strong>stem cells<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this research they have <strong>connected <\/strong>an organoid to a <strong>robot <\/strong>to give movement commands as our <strong>neurons <\/strong>would do with muscles through the nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These neuro robots are also called <strong>hybrot&nbsp;<\/strong>(short for &#8220;hybrid robot&#8221;) consisting of both electronic and biological elements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"672\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/NxKKLaz2c9M\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bio-inspired robots<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Emerging research focuses on the design of robots and artificial intelligence systems based on <strong>biological principles <\/strong>and mechanisms, such as <strong>synaptic <\/strong>plasticity or the hierarchical organisation of brain areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These studies will make it possible for <a href=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/soft-robotics-examples-research-and-applications\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1155\">soft-robots<\/a> to perform more complex and natural movements <strong>inspired by animals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thoughts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By being able to deeply understand and <strong>digitise <\/strong>the functioning of <strong>our brain<\/strong>, we may soon have an <a href=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/emotion-ai-technology-that-understands-our-emotions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1321\">EAI (Emotional Atrificial Intelligence)<\/a> that <strong>understands <\/strong>us <strong>better <\/strong>than we understand ourselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:52% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Asimov-Quote.jpg\" alt=\"Asimov Quote\" class=\"wp-image-1436 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Asimov-Quote.jpg 700w, https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Asimov-Quote-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>See more quotes on <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Robotics24_net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Considering these new technologies, will Asimov&#8217;s 3 Laws of Robotics be <strong>sufficient <\/strong>for us not to fear a dystopian future of over-advanced and <strong>uncontrollable <\/strong>Neuro-robots?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neuro-technologies <\/strong>have significant potential to improve <strong>robotic <\/strong>and artificial intelligence technologies, making them more efficient, <strong>adaptable <\/strong>and able to <strong>interact <\/strong>effectively with <strong>humans <\/strong>and the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some tips<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Books:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&#8216;Neuro-Robotics: From Brain Machine Interfaces to Rehabilitation Robotics&#8217;<\/strong> by Jos\u00e9 L. Pons<br>This book explores the relationship between neuroscience and <strong>robotics<\/strong>, covering a wide range of topics from the design of neural <strong>prostheses <\/strong>to robotic rehabilitation, examining how these technologies can <strong>help people <\/strong>regain motor function after an accident or illness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8216;Neuro-Robotics: A Computational Approach&#8217;<\/strong> by G. Cheng and S. P. Sabes<br>This book explores the computational modelling of the brain and the design of <strong>robots <\/strong>that can <strong>mimic human <\/strong>cognitive <strong>processes<\/strong>, such as perception, information processing and <strong>movement <\/strong>planning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Neuro-robot <a href=\"http:\/\/neurobot.bio.auth.gr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blog<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brain-Computer Interface <a href=\"https:\/\/hashdork.com\/neuralink-competitors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">companies<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cognitive Neuroscience Robotics <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edx.org\/course\/cognitive-neuroscience-robotics-part-a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Course<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How neurotechnologies can improve robots and human life through Brain Organoids, BCI, Exoskeleton and Cognitive Robotics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1400"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1451,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1400\/revisions\/1451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robotics24.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}